普遍服务与电力零售竞争改革Universal Service And Electricity Retail Competition Reform
齐新宇
摘要(Abstract)：
传统的电力事业由于自然垄断特性而受到政府的管制 ,一个以垄断者身份经营的电力企业必须同时承担电力普遍服务义务。放松管制后 ,零售竞争一方面打破垄断、提高效率 ,但另一方面却可能对电力普遍服务义务的实现产生不利影响 ,并导致管制成本的增加。本文在分析了二者之间潜在矛盾的基础上 ,针对我国的情况提出了一些建议 ,以期为正在酝酿中的中国电力零售改革提供参考。
关键词(KeyWords)： 电力事业;普遍服务;零售竞争
基金项目(Foundation):
作者(Author): 齐新宇
参考文献(References)：
- [1]Alc偄zar,Lorena,ManuelAbdala,andMaryMShirley.2002a.“TheBuenosAiresWaterConcession,”inThirstingforEfficiency:TheEconomicsandpoliticsofUrbanWaterSystemReform.MaryM .Shirleyed.OxfordUK :Perga monPress,pp.65-102.
- [2]Alc偄zar,Lorena,L .ColinXu,andAnaMariaZuluaga.2002b.“Institutions,PoliticsandContracts:ThePrivatizationAttemptoftheWaterandSanitationUtilityofLima,Peru,”inThirstingforEfficiency:TheEconomicsandPoliticsofUrbanWaterSystemReform.MaryShirleyed.Oxford,UK :PergamonPress,pp.103-38.
- [3]Armstrong,M .,2001“AccessPricing,BypassandUniversalService”,AmericanEconomicReviewPapersandPro ceedings91:297-301.
- [4]AsianDevelopmentBank.1993.WaterUtilitiesHandbook:AsiaandPacificRegion.Manila,Philippines:AsianDe velopmentBank.
- [5]Baker,BillandSophieTr啨molet.2000.“UtilityReform:RegulatingQualityStandardstoImproveAccessforthePoor.”PublicPolicyforthePrivateSector219.WorldBank:WashingtonDC .
- [6]GeorgeR .G .ClarkeandScottJ.Wallsten,2002,“Universal(lyBad)Service:ProvidingInfrastructureServicestoRu ralandPoorUrbanConsumers”,SocialScienceResearchNetwork,WorkingPaper.
- [7]Rossi,2000.“UniversalServiceInCompetitiveRetailElectricMarkets:WhitherTheDutyToServe?”SocialScienceResearchNetworkElectronicPaperCollection,WorkingPaperValletti,T .M .,S .H .HoernigandP .P .Barros,2002“UniversalServiceandEntry:TheRoleofUniformPricingandCoverageConstraints”,JournalofRegulatoryEco nomics21(2):169-190.
- [8]泰勒尔.产业组织理论(中译本)[M].中国人民大学出版社,1988.
- [9]夏大慰,范斌.电力定价:理论、经验与改革模式[J].产业经济评论,2000,(1).